Posted on

Variety of Flanges Available at Texas Flange

The type of flange used for a piping application usually depends on the required strength for the flanged joint. Flanges are used to weld connections. In addition, it helps to facilitate maintenance operations.

Let’s dive in to show the key types of flanges with pictures.

Forged Flanges

Welding neck flange

A welding neck flange features a long tapered hub that helps weld the pipe. The flange type is normally used in high/low temperatures and high-pressure applications requiring unrestricted flow if the piping system conveys the fluid.

The absence of pressure drops prevents the adverse effects of erosion/corrosion and turbulence of the metals in the flanged joint proximity.

Long welding neck

Long weld neck flanges are quite similar to weld neck flanges. However, it comes with the exception that the neck is extended and acts like a boring extension.

Long weld neck flanges are usually used on barrels, columns, or vessels.

Slip-on flange

You can connect the slip-on flange to the pipe or the fittings by the two fillet welds, one outside and one executed inside the flange cavity.

The bore size of the slip-on flange is large than the outside diameter for pipe connection, as the pipe has to slide inside the flange that you can connect by the execution of the fillet weld.

Threaded flanges

Threaded flanges are joined to the pipes by screwing the pipe onto the flange without the seam welds. Threaded flanges are available in sizes for up to four inches and multiple pressure ratings; however, they are used mostly in low-temperature applications and small-size piping in low-pressure-like air and water utility services.

Socket weld flange

You can connect socket weld flanges to pipes with the use of a single fillet weld executed on the outer flange side.

As per the ASME B31.1, to execute the flanged connection with a socket weld, the pipe must first insert the flange’s socket until it reaches the bottom of the flange. It then needs to be lifted by 1.6 mm and welded finally.

Lap joint flange

The lap joint flange features a flat face and is always useful in conjunction with the stub end. Lap joint flanges usually resemble the shape of slip-on flanges, except for the radius at the flange face crossing and the bore to accommodate the flanged portion of the stub end.

When we talk about the lap joint flange, it can slip over the pipe and seats on the back of the stub end, and you can keep the two together by the pressure of the bolts.

Blind flanges

Contrary to all the flange types above, blind flanges do not have a center hole. Therefore, you can use the seal or blind in a pipeline or a pressure/valve vessel to block the fluid of the liquid.

Blind flanges need to withstand remarkable mechanical stress due to the system pressure and required bolting forces.

You can easily access the blind flanges to the pipeline, as they can be easily unbolted to let the operator execute the activities while inside the terminal end of the pipe.

Interestingly, while this flange type is easy to manufacture, it is sold at the average premium cost per kg compared to the other flange types.

Special types of flanges

The special types of flanges include:

1. Nipoflange

2. Weldoflange

3. Latroflange or Elboflange

4. Swivel flange

5. Expanding flange

6. Reducing flange

Conclusion

The flanges mentioned above are usually the top flanges available to us. However, you can get in touch with Texas flange if you are looking for top-quality flanges. You can also contact us for any queries regarding the flange function.

Posted on

What is the Function of Flanges and How Do They Work?

The flange industry is wide, and it offers customers a reliable way to connect pipe systems with the various valves, equipment, and other components of virtually any processing system. Flanges are the second most used joining method after welding.

Custom Pipe Flange Fittings

If you use flanges, it adds flexibility when you need to maintain piping systems. It also allows for easy disassembly and improved access to system components.

A typical flanged connection is comprised of three parts:

  • Bolting
  • Gasket
  • Pipe flanges

In many cases, specific bolting and gasket materials are made from the same or approved materials as the piping components you wish to connect. For example, stainless steel flanges are the top choice among some of the most common flanges. However, flanges are available in a wide range of materials, so matching them with your needs is crucial.

Other common flange materials include Chrome Moly, Inconel, Monel, and many others, depending on the application.

The best option for your needs depends on the system in which you intend to use the flange and your specific requirements.

Common flange types and characteristics

Flanges are not a one-type-fits-all kind of solution. If we keep the sizing aside, matching the ideal flange design to your piping system and intended usage will help to ensure optimal pricing, a long service life, and reliable operation.

Here are the most commonly available flange types:

Threaded flanges

It is also known as a screwed flange and has a style with thread inside. The flange bore fits with the matching male thread on the fitting or pipe. The threaded connections mean you can avoid welding in many use cases. If you simply match the threading o the pipes, you wish to connect.

Socket-weld flanges

Ideal for small pipe diameters in low-pressure and low-temperature scenarios, socket-weld flanges feature a connection where you place the pipe into the flange and then secure the connection with a single multi-pass fillet weld. As a result, it makes the style simpler to install compared to other welded flange types while avoiding the limitations associated with the threaded ends.

Slip-on flanges

Slip-on flanges are quite common and are available in large-size ranges. It can accommodate systems with high flow rates and throughput. You intend to connect if you match the flange to the outer pipe diameter. Installation is slightly more as you will need to fillet the weld on both sides to secure the pipe flange.

Lap joint flanges

Lap joint flanges require butt welding of the stub end to the fitting or pipe with a backing flange to create a flanged connection. The design makes this style popular for use in systems with physical systems or space that requires frequent maintenance and dismantling.

Weld neck flanges

Weld neck flanges need butt welding for installation. However, its performance, integrity in the systems with multiple repeat bends, and the ability to use them at high temperatures and high pressure make them a top choice for processing piping.

Blind flanges

Useful for isolation or terminating piping systems, blind flanges are essentially boltable blank discs. When you install them properly and combine them with the correct gaskets, it can achieve an outstanding seal that is easy to remove when needed.

Specialty flanges

The flanges types listed above are quite common. However, various specialized flange types are available to suit various environments and uses. Other options include reducing flanges, orifice, expanding flanges, weld flanges, and nipo flanges.

Flange Facing Types: Making the connection

The design is just a start when you consider the ideal flange for your piping system. Face types are another characteristic that greatly impacts your flanges’ service life and final performance.

Facing types determine the gaskets required to install the characteristics and the flange related to the seal created.

Common face types include:

  • Flat Face (FF)
  • Raised Face (RF)
  • Ring Joint Face (RTJ)
  • Tongue and Groove (T&G)
  • Male & Female (M&F)

Most face types offer one of the two finishes: smooth or serrated. Choosing between the options is crucial as it will determine the optimal gasket for a reliable seal. In general, smooth faces work best with metallic gaskets, while serrated faces help create stronger seals with soft material gaskets.

Flanges Dimensions: The Proper Fit

Apart from the functional flange design, flange dimensions are the most likely factor that impacts the flange choices when updating, maintaining, or designing a piping system. First, however, you must consider how the flange interfaces with the pipe and the gaskets in use to ensure proper sizing.

Common considerations include:

  • Nominal bore size
  • Pipe size
  • Bolt circle diameter
  • Thickness
  • Outside diameter

Flange classification and service ratings

The above characteristics will influence how the flange performs across various environments and processes.

Flanges are often classified based on their ability to withstand pressures and temperatures. It is designated using a number and either ‘class,’ ‘lb,’ or ‘#’ suffix. These suffixes are interchangeable but will differ based on the vendor or region.

Common classifications include:

  • 150#
  • 300#
  • 600#
  • 900#
  • 1500#
  • 2500#

Flange markings and standards

To make the comparison easy, flanges fall under global standards established by the ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) – ASME B16.5 & B16.47.

If you are attempting to verify or replace the existing parts, all flanges must include the markers, typically on their outer perimeter, to aid in the process.

Conclusion

The above guide offers you a solid foundation of the basics of flange design and how to choose the ideal flange for your piping system. However, with a wide range of stainless steel flanges or other available flange materials, it is impossible to list every consideration, detail, or configuration.

You can contact Texas flange if you want the best quality flanges or have any queries regarding the flange function.

Posted on

Most Used Flange Types in Petro and Chemical Industry

A flange is a mechanism by which pumps, valves, tubing, and other machinery are linked to create a piping structure. It also makes alteration, review, or washing easy to access. Typically, the flanges are screwed or welded. The flanged joints are designed to provide a bond by bolting two flanges together with a gasket between them.

flange types

The construction of all types of pipe flanges uses materials like rubber, bronze, silver, copper, cast iron, steel, etc. However, the most commonly used type of machined surfaces and carbon steel manufacturing. When choosing the pipe, the flange design is set; in most situations, a flange is the same as the plug.

There has been a boom in private petrochemical entrants, putting extreme pressure on the demand for pipe fitters. Ongoing production line project growth needs a high degree of fluid parts and automotive pneumatic fittings. Manufacturing flanges and using fittings from a particular metal has become one of the standard procedures in the industry.

The fittings may be helpful in research laboratories, factories, pilot plants, and pipelines. As the compounds under analysis are highly corrosive, providing the right products for the laboratory poses a major challenge.

It is fair to say that a vast network of pipelines helps carry different liquids and chemicals. It is the most important component of transportation in the developed world. There is another name for such pipelines; the ‘flow piping’ applies to the whole pipeline network and holds fluids such as gasoline, additives, water, steam, air, etc., around and within an industrial infrastructure.

It functions in the production of power generation, services, or goods. The extreme temperature and pressure temperatures trigger the connection to leak. Hence, the major requirement is to protect the joint adequately with flanges and fittings for heat-resistant tubing and corrosion.

The flange forms that are most useful in the chemical and petro industries include:

Weld-neck flanges

These flanges are common and useful to taper the center in high-pressure environments. In normal bending conditions, the weld-neck flanges are useful.

Slip-on flanges

A flange slips over the pipe, welded out, and in to avoid leakage and improve the pressure. A preference among engineers as opposed to the weld-neck because of its low cost.

Lap joint flanges

Apart from the slip-on, the flanges are slid over the valve but not fastened. It is used in combination with the bottom of a lap joint stub. Instead, the flange is held in place by the pressure exerted by the flange friction over the pipe’s chest back towards the gasket.

Threaded flanges

If you use it under special circumstances, the threaded flange is useful to attach to the tubing without being welded. These are usually placed on deep-wall thickness tubes, which is useful to create the inner string.

Blind flanges

Most flanges are made without a screw and are useful in the pressure vessels to blank off pipe openings, doors, and ends. These also suit best for high-pressure activities.

Applications of flanges in the petrochemical industries

Pipe fittings used in the petrochemical, oil, and gas industries must be made of high-quality alloy or steel. It must be accurate and traceable. Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) are constantly upgrading their equipment to help raise production across the vertical sector.

The chemical plant requires special pipe fittings to tolerate the impacts of continuous and batch manufacturing, fluid movement, mass and heat transfer, etc. Since most processes are ongoing, there’s a need for changes to be made as swiftly as possible. It not only minimizes the harm but also ends up increasing the injury risks.

Carbon steel and duplex are some of the most favored alloys for petrochemical, and pipe fittings flange productions. In addition to the consistency of the products, ingenuity plays a crucial role in ensuring productivity in the pipe fittings. The fittings are reversible

Posted on

Different Types of Flanges for Piping

A flange is a device that is useful for connecting two pipes. It can also help connect the pipe to a choke, valve, tee, or other equipment to form a piping system.

The flanges are pipeline elements that allow the assembly of the parts. It is an element supplied as a separate part or a part attached from the factory to an element such as a pump, valve, or another.

The flange is a type of coupling that can join two lines together with the help of gaskets and bolts in between them. The flange is not something that will individually make the joint. Instead, it can be described as the combination of two flanges or the bolting of two flanges. There would be a gasket in between these flanges.

The gasket between the flanges would give the bolts and seal a force required to seat the gasket and hold the joint together. The flange provides the surface for the gasket to seal and carry the applied force around the gasket. The joint may allow easy reassembly and removal or piping of components.

Flange characteristics

There are a few characteristics of flanges. These include:

# Holes are drilled accurately in the flange for easy assembly.

# The spot facing would ensure the seating of the fasteners

# To obtain maximum strength, the grain flow is controlled

# Unrestricted flow is obtained by accurate and smooth bore

# Good welding is facilitated by machined land and bevel

# To ensure true alignments, all faces are machined within tolerances

Uses of flanges

The need for flanges is increasing every day. Flanges are used for many industrial applications and are one of the best coupling methods to join two pipes. A flange would work properly if the components of the flange function in the right manner.

Flanged joints are useful for the ease of maintenance. Flanges are used when the joints need to dismantle. Specific pipeline maintenance needs it frequently, so the breakout flanges are useful at definite intervals on pipelines.

Need for a gasket in the valve and pipeline

A malleable gasket that could be hard or soft is inserted between the flanges to prevent leaks. Pressure is applied to the gasket by bolting or using a clamp to compress the gasket firmly at a place. The gaskets are made with different materials and can be selected per the process’s temperature and characteristics.

Gaskets are used in a valve to help prevent leakage in the closure mechanism. It also helps to prevent the leakage of fluid into the atmosphere. It is useful in the valves that allow the function of internal mechanisms. It depends on the separate fluid chambers like the pressure balance trim.

Types of flanges

There are different types of flanges for piping. These include:

flanges for piping

Weld neck flanges

The flange type is attached to the pipe by butt welding. These flanges are used for critical services. It is suitable to handle extreme temperatures and pressure because of these features. The flanges are useful mostly for refinery and petrochemical plants. The bores of both the flange and pipe match and it would reduce the erosion and turbulence inside the pipeline.

Slip-on flange

The flange is slipped over the pipe and gets a fillet welded. There will be two kinds of fillet welds, and these welds are at the outside and inside of the flange. The flange connection type is quite fragile compared to the weld neck flange.

Socket weld flange

It is the type of flange bored only at one side. These flanges are helpful for only small-bore lines. The bore of the pipe and bore are the same. Thus it possesses a good flow characteristic. The flange type will be welded to the ID of the pipe and counter board slightly larger than the OD of the pipe. It allows the pipe to be welded and inserted in place.

Threaded flanges

These flanges are made of steel and are useful for special applications. The main advantage of this flange is that you can connect it to the pipe without welding. However, in specific cases, a seal weld is useful in conjunction with the threaded connection.

Blind flanges

These flanges are useful to close the ends that need reopening later. In addition, the flanges are used to blank off the ends of pressure vessel openings, valves, and piping.

The construction of these flanges is done without a bore, from the standpoint of bolt loading and internal pressure. The blind flanges, which come in a larger size, are the most highly stressed flange types.

Lap joint flanges

The type of flange useful in the stub ends when piping costs much. The flanges are cost-effective; the stub must match the flange and pipe in an expensive pipe like stainless steel. The flange can be made of cheap carbon steel material.

Long weld neck flange

The type of flange is similar to the weld neck flanges, and one difference is that their neck is extended and acts as a boring extension. The flange is mostly used on barrels, columns, and vessels.

Orifice flanges

The flanges are useful when an orifice plate or flow nozzle needs an installation. Pairs of pressure tapings are machined into the orifice flanges. Thus it makes separate tappings or carriers in the pipe walls.

Whether you need weld neck flanges, blind flanges, or any other more specialized option, finding something that works well for you must not be tough. At Texas Flange, you get to take a look at different options here.

Posted on

Stainless Steel Flange Buying Guide

A flange casting is typically a cast ring designed to connect the sections of a pipe or other machinery which requires a connecting joint.

Most cast options are outdated and flanges provided to modern specifications are made from plate or forged carbon steel or stainless steel. Before you buy flanges, it is crucial to note that these flanges come in different measurements, diameters, sizes, types/forms, and materials.

Several types of flanges are available for different types of applications. Therefore, all you have to do is choose your product on a per-project basis. When we talk about the materials to use in your applications, a variety of factors come into play. Therefore, some crucial aspects that are required to be considered while buying stainless steel flanges are discussed in this blog:

Choose the right stainless steel flange

It is crucial to note the diameter of the pipes to which the flange needs to be connected. Also, you must understand that these pipe connections could be ERW, welded, seamless, etc., and would help you choose the required flanges.

Stainless steel pipe flanges, rings, and discs attach to the pipe to increase the strength or support based on the existing connection type from the pipe, which are usually welded or screwed to the pipe end. These pipe flanges are designed per the specifications and are easy to customize by established manufacturers.

Choose the flanges based on the project design

SS Flanges are accessible in numerous grades. The client’s selection of products needs to rely on the budget and project you need. However, top-quality products need to be costly and need to be sturdy.

Both SS 316L Flanges and SS 304L Flanges are corrosion resistant alloys with a high, 95% alloy composition. SS 316 and SS 304 belong to the chromium-nickel category and are grades that withstand standard corrosion. It needs to be durable, resists most basic chemicals, and hold more excellent resistance to numerous types of deterioration.

Selecting SS Flange types available in market

Here’s how you can select the SS flange types available around the market:

SS Slip-on flanges

The bore size of the slip-on flange as a standard is slightly larger compared to the outside diameter of the connecting pipe, as the pipe has to slide inside the flange then needs to be connected by the execution of the fillet weld around the perimeter.

SS Weld neck flanges

SS Weld neck flanges are helpful in high/low-temperature applications and high-pressures that require an unrestricted fluid flow conveyed by the piping system. These butt-weld end connection flanges are most common in industrial applications to ensure a high strength connection between assemblies.

SS Blind Flanges

Most piping systems require regular inspection and blind/blank flanges are common inspection point. This type of flange, when selected according to the proper pressure class, can easily handle the stress caused by the liquid’s operating pressure and pressure flowing through the pipe. They are helpful to ‘blank off’ valves, pipelines, etc… in almost all applications.

SS Threaded Flanges

You can assemble the flange without welding, and hence it is easy to remove. You do not have to use it for applications where bending stresses involve high pressure or temperatures. A seal weld is useful in conjunctions with times.

SS Lap joint flanges

It is a type of slip-on flange but made for connecting to a stub end for rotation. Lap joints are helpful to maintain carbon/low alloy steel pipes with additional mechanical properties. These flanges are similar to slip-on flanges but are characterized by the radius-rounded interior edge of the flange face and generally come with a taller hub.

SS Socket-weld flanges

Smaller diameter socket weld and counter bore flanges handle the applications with high pressures like steam lines but with limited spacing. You must ensure durability possess internal welds—the bore of the pipe and flange match provides a good flow connection.

SS Orifice flanges

If you want to combine two pipeline components in assemblies for which you need easy access to modify, inspect, and clean, orifice sets are commonly recommended. Types need to vary as per the use and maintain high-pressure applications, and line blanks are also usually installed for maintenance or operating differentials.

Conclusion

Even if you find a range of flanges in the market, we offer you the best quality for your establishment. Nothing can beat stainless steel flanges in most lighter corrosion applications. The above blog signifies the buying guide of stainless steel flanges above; we hope you’ve now good knowledge about various steel flanges and whether they are the best option for you or not.

If you want any specific information, then contact Texas Flange today!

 

Posted on

Why Socket Weld Flange is the most recommended?

Socket weld flange has been around a lot in the industry and people are wondering about the reason for their popularity.

Here in this blog, we will dive deep into learning about socket weld flanges. Before anything, let’s first understand its meaning and, how it is distinct from other weld connections.

Meaning of socket weld flange

Socket-weld pipe flanges are typically useful on smaller sizes of high-pressure pipes. These pipe flanges are attached by inserting the pipe into the socket end and applying a fillet weld around the top. It allows for a smooth bore and better flow of the gas or fluid inside the pipe.

Slip-on pipe flange with a hub is a more common connection that comes with published specifications that range from ½” thru 24”.

Socket weld pipe flanges are usually provided with an RTJ facing, flat face, or raised face. When a raised face is necessary for socket weld pipe flanges, the standard height is 1/16” for socket weld pipe flanges under 400#. For socket weld pipe flanges of 400# and up, the standard socket weld pipe flange raised face height is ¼”.

In simple words, a socket weld is a pipe bridging component installed into a recessed area of fitting or flange. The socket can be considered a female member of the joint that harbors the pipe. It is also known as a fillet weld joint as it can be secured by only one fillet.

Applications of socket weld flanges

Socket weld flanges make a good fit for non-critical operations. It is a perfect choice to join small-diameter piping less than 2 NPS. It is not usually usable at daunting pressures and temperatures as it can only resist about half of the forces than that of buttweld.

These possess characteristics where it holds leakage resistance very high along with moderate structural strength. It is why, industries that carry dangerous, toxic liquids employ socket weld fittings.

Apart from this, it has moderate pressure tolerates that may help rank better than tee joint, edge joint, or lap joint. Therefore, it is preferably adopted in pressure conditions lesser than 600 psi. Along with slip ons, these socket connections do not exist per ASME/ANSI B16.5 in 2500# class

Useful in several industrial operations

Good calibration since the fitting is fixed and no additional fastening is required. As it does not require exclusive preparation to secure connections, the costs are cut down to half compared to the butt weld joints.

Apart from that socket weld also offers high strength. Thereby, it is leakage-proof compared to any other type of connection. A socket weld can be either a raised face or a flat-face linkage.

Advantages of Socket weld flanges

Here are some advantages of socket weld flanges:

  • It can replace the threaded flange to minimize the risk of leakage.
  • It doesn’t require beveling before welding.
  • Welding work outside the pipe won’t penetrate the pipe bore.
  • It is recommended for applications where internal welding operations are tough. The sock-welded construction eliminates internal pockets while avoiding the warpage of welding heat and damage to the flange face caused by the weld spatter. It also has the same internal pressure as the sliding on the flange with better fatigue life.

Downsides of socket weld flanges

The only bargain here is that the socket weld flange has a gap requirement of 1.6mm towards the pipe portion that receives the joint, i.e., at the bottom of the pipe.

It is done to compensate for the expansion that happens during the thermal setting at the joint. However, the setting of excess metal at the joint makes the socket weld vulnerable and creates a hotspot for stress at the particular portion.

Conclusion

If you compare socket weld flange to any other weld, you can easily make out why it is relied upon and why its popularity is wide. Texas Flange is one of the leading exporters of a wide range of flanges. If you want to know more about socket weld or any other flange, you can contact us today, and our experts will help you select the best flange as per your preference.

 

Posted on

Flanges Used In The Oil and Gas Industry

Connections through pipes are a crucial channel for transporting steam and fluids along with gas from refineries to factories or across continents as well. Flanges are one of the efficient components in a method to connect pipes. Along with forging connections in a piping system,

flanges regularly permit the worker with inspection points which are easy to modify and clean these systems. Different alloy grades are useful to produce various flanges that are a part of piping systems in the gas and oil industry.

Therefore, these flanges are required to not only be durable, but they must also be easy to install and maintain.

Flanges

Below are a few of the commonly sighted flange types used in the gas and oil industry:

Weld Neck Flange

Useful in high-pressure environments, it is easy to recognize the weld neck flanges because of the beveled hub. Moreover, weld neck flanges are particularly well suited to be used in repeat bending conditions. These flanges are attached to a piping system by means of welding the pipe to the flange neck.

Therefore, stainless steel grades have good weldable properties preferred for its manufacture. Weld neck types not only reduce the stress concentration from the base of the hub but also aid the transference of stress from the flange to the pipe.

Slip-on Flange

Slip-on flanges are designed to be used in lower-pressure, low-temperature processes. These are favored by the engineers in the gas and oil industry due to their economical value in comparison to the weld neck flanges.

This kind of flange is slipped over the pipe, following which they are welded both on the outside and inside to increase its strength and prevent leakage.

Lap joint

A lap joint flange is a two-part attachment preferred to be used in processes where space constraints and frequent dismantling are primary requirements. In this type of attachment, the lap joint stub end is welded to the pipe, and the loose backing flange is used in conjunction to slip over the pipe or stub end.

As the backing flange is not in contact with the product in the piping systems, moderate corrosion resistance and less expensive material with high hardness like carbon steel is good to use. Also, the stub ends need to be highly corrosion-resistant material with good mechanical properties.

Threaded Flange

It is useful in circumstances where there’s a need for quick fixes. Threaded flanges or as referred to as screwed flanges are produced with threaded bores that aid in a fast and simple attachment.

A threaded flange is usually attached to the pipe without a need to carry out a welding operation due to the pre-existing threads. Typically, threaded flanges are seen in the processes where the pipes in the systems are used to transport water or air. Threaded flanges are best used in low-pressure environments and temperatures.

Blind Flange

The production of blind flange is done without a bore at the center and the main purpose of using it is to blank off the end of valves or piping systems or even pressure vessel openings.

Blind flanges could also be used in conjunction with any other flange to isolate a piping system in the gas and oil industry. Furthermore, they make an excellent manhole, especially if they perform the tasks of terminating the flow in the vessel or a piping system.

Socket Weld Flange

It is recommended to be used for low-temperature and low-pressure settings, the socket weld has a static strength that is equal to a slip-on flange. A socket-weld connection is made with the pipe by using a filler weld performed on the outside of the flange.

Socket weld flanges are designed to be used in processes where small bore piping is needed. However, due to some corrosion issues, it is best to avoid these in a few processes.

If you still have any doubts about how to select flanges for the oil and gas industry and what to look for, do let us know in the comment section or call us today!

Posted on

Carbon Steel Flanges: Types and Functions

Flanges are useful to connect valves, pumps, and pipes for the piping system. There are different types of flanges like welded, lap joints, blinds, and many others. The use of carbon steel flanges is widely high in demand. The reason is its excellent features like excellent durability, corrosion resistance, and finishing.

It is useful in various industries. These include agriculture, power, chemical, petrochemical, and others. The flange is an internal or external edge, or a rim (lip), for power like an iron plate flange, such as a T-beam or I-beam; or attachment to another component like a flange at the end of the screw, a steam lever, etc.

Type of carbon steel flanges

There are mainly 6 types of carbon steel flanges available for use. These are the 4 most common:

Welding neck flange

Welding neck flanges are popular for their long tapered neck, with the accompanying connection, and their end is welded to the bottom. The internal diameter of the pipe is the same as the flange. It is useful in extreme jobs where there is a requirement of high stress.

Sliding flanges (slip on)

Slip on Flanges

The tube penetrates the cube of the same as in the form of carbon steel flanges. You do not need to touch the plane to the face to which it is connected with the use of external and internal welding seams. Due to the lower accuracy of the tube life and better positioning flexibility, we can consider it simpler than the neck flange. The mechanical condition of the sliding flange is usually good for exhaustion and strength, but much weaker than the neck-straps.

Blind Flanges

The design is such that it covers the ends of the tube openings, valves, or tubing due to various operating pressures. It is a form of ASME fitting that from a technological point of view is capable to withstand the most extreme working conditions.

Threaded Flanges

Although they do not possess any welding characteristics, they make assembly easy and quick. It is useful for specific applications (e.g., in pipes with high atmospheric temperatures and pressures) where male NPT threaded pipes are utilized.

Characteristics of carbon steel flanges

There are different diameters of Carbon steel flanges that are popular. One of the main reasons is its easy installation and cheap cost. Another advantage of carbon steel flanges is that they can be used as connecting flanges when they work with Type B and Type C ends.

Unlike weld-neck flanges, they do not have a neck to rest on the pipe and, therefore, require double welding. The characteristics of carbon steel flanges include:

. Available in a wide range of diameters

. They take minimal vertical flange space.

. Easy installation and assembly

. Low cost

Reason to use Carbon Steel Flanges

Carbon steel or medium carbon steel is an element of metal. It is a mixture of carbon and iron components. Many components are too small to influence their properties in amounts. In pure carbon steel, the only other elements permitted are: copper (0.60% max), silicon (0.60% max), and manganese (1.65% max).

With more carbon content, the carbon steel flanges achieve toughness and strength. These are less tough and ductile to weld. Higher carbon content decreases the flange melting point and its tolerance to temperature.

The function of the carbon steel flanges

Forged flanges are less carbon-free than molten flanges. They do not oxidize quickly. These flanges are also flat, and the construction of these flanges is fairly lightweight. It also has superior mechanical properties. Improper forging may result in irregular or broad grains. It is higher to harden forging and cracking than the casting flange.

According to the manufacturing cycle, the forging flange comes in a few operational theories in the carbon steel flanges. The usage and production method of the carbon steel flange provide an operating theory. Its basic philosophy is using the insulation efficiency of the carbon steel flange isolating gasket.

Conclusion

Choosing a carbon steel flange means getting the best flange for industrial operations. The types and functions of the carbon steel flanges determine that the flange material is best to use. At Texas Flange, we offer all types of flanges for various systems. Our specialists can help you to identify the right flange for your equipment. If you want more information, contact us today!

Posted on

What are Various Types of Flanges Used in Piping Applications?

The main use of flange is to connect pumps, pipes, valves, and other equipment to make a pipework system. Usually, flanges are threaded or welded, and you can connect two flanges by bolting them with gaskets and providing a seal that gives easy access to the piping system.

These flanges are available in many types like socket weld flanges, blind flanges, weld neck flanges, slip-on flanges, etc.

Here are various types of flanges used in piping systems that depend on other factors.

Types of flanges

Here are a few most important types of flanges available for piping applications:

Slip-on flanges

Slip on Flanges

The slip-on flange is a ring (with or without a hub) placed over the pipe’s end. The flange face extends from the end of the pipe by a sufficient distance to apply a welded bead to the inner diameter. As the name suggests, these flanges slip over a pipe and are known as slip-on flanges.

Weld neck flanges

Weld neck flange is also known as a high-neck flange or tapered hub flange. The weld neck flange has a neck that can properly transfer the pipe tension. It also helps to reduce the pressure gathered at the bottom of the flange. It is compatible with pipelines that operate at low or high temperatures and withstand high pressure.

Socket weld flanges

The socket weld flanges are connected on the outside just by a fillet weld. It is often not advisable for critical services. These are useful for the small-bore lines in your system. The static strength is equivalent to slip-on flanges, but the fatigue strength is 50 percent higher than double-welded slip-on flanges. Often used as an alternative to weld necks when space is a constraint.

Blind flanges

The production of blind flanges happens without a bore and is utilized to blank off the ends of pressure vessel openings, valves, and pipes. If you look from the point of view of bolt loading and internal pressure, the most overstressed flange types are blind flanges which are quite bigger.

Lap joint flanges

Lap joint flanges are useful with stub ends when the pipe is made of expensive material. E.g., a carbon steel flange can be added to the stainless steel pipe system as the flanges do not come into contact with the substance in the pipe.

Threaded flanges

A Note On Orifice Unions - ASMEANSI B16.36

Threaded flanges look identical to slip-on flanges, but the key difference is that the threaded flange is bored out to match the inside diameter of the particular pipe. The threaded flange is a type of flange that has taper pipe threads in its bore conforming to ASME B1.20.1 and is helpful in piping systems.

Materials useful to manufacture flanges

Pipe flanges can be manufactured from many different materials that depend on the piping material and requirements of the application. Selection depends on the factors such as economy, flow pressure, operating temperature, and environmental corrosion. Some of the most common materials include the following:

Carbon steel

It is steel alloyed usually with carbon. The high strength and hardness increase with carbon content, lower melting point, and ductility. This is the most common material grade.

Alloy steel

It is steel alloyed with one or more elements that change or enhance the properties of steel. Common alloys include chromium, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, and manganese.

Stainless steel

It is steel alloyed with chromium in amounts above 10%. Chromium enables stainless steel to have a much higher corrosion resistance than carbon steel which rusts readily from air and moisture exposure.

Cast irons

Iron when it is alloyed with silicon, carbon, and several other alloys makes cast iron. Silicon forces carbon out of the iron and forms a black graphite layer on the exterior of the metal. Cast irons have good machinability, castability, and fluidity.

Aluminum

It is a low-density, ductile, and malleable metal with medium strength. It has better corrosion resistance compared to any other typical alloy and carbon steel. It is most useful during flange construction that requires low weight and strength.

Brass

It is an alloy of zinc and copper and often comes with additional elements such as tin or lead. It is characterized by good conductivity, cold ductility, high-temperature ductility, and good strength.

PVC

(Note we do not offer polymer grade materials but have written on them for your benefit below)

Polyvinyl chloride or PVC is a thermoplastic polymer that is easy to assemble, durable, and inexpensive. It is resistant to both biological and chemical corrosion. The addition of plasticizers makes it more flexible and soft.

Performance Features

Performance features are the flange properties that may be dependent on many other factors but are essential to consider. The properties include the following:

Durability

It is the toughness or strength of a pipe flange under pressure or stress. Durability is dependent on the flange compatibility and the flange design with the pipes and the material strength.

Easy of assembly

It is a qualitative measure of the efficiency of the disassembly and assembly process. For applications with flange used as a fix or temporary attachment, the ease of setting up and taking down is crucial.

Weight

It is the heaviness or mass of the flange. It is dependent on the material density and size. Industrial buyers must consider the strength of the pipe or pipe support while dealing with high or large-density flanges.

Conclusion

You can make out from the above different types of flanges, manufacturing, and performance features. You can choose the right steel flange manufactured from different materials like stainless steel, low alloy steel, carbon steel, duplex steel, or many more.

Choosing the right flange with the right material and knowing the elements that it faces during the application that uses the piping method is critical. We hope that this blog will help you identify the key things before purchasing flanges. To learn more about flange basics, visit https://www.texasflange.com/flange-basics/

Posted on

Socket Weld Fittings Types and Applications

We are already aware of the four connecting types for the pipe fittings: Slip on flanges, Threaded flanges, Socket Weld (counter bore), and Butt Weld Neck. In terms of the steel pipe fittings that you would use for your pipeline projects, you will find two of them to be quite popular: butt weld fittings and socket weld fittings.

Since both of them seem to have their share of advantages and disadvantages, you may be confused about which one is the best for your particular purpose.

To learn more about socket weld fittings, read on below.

Meaning of socket weld pipe fittings

A socket weld flange fitting is a pipe attachment detail with a socket and counter bore. In this case, you can insert the pipe into a recessed area of flange or fitting. To join the valves or pipes to the other sections of the pipe, seal welds of fillet type together. In several cases, socket weld fittings are a good choice. The benefits of high leakage integrity and great structural strength would be quite an essential factor that needs to be taken into consideration when designing your pipeline project.

Socket Weld Fittings Types and Applications

Usage of socket weld fittings

Socket weld fittings are termed to be used for low to medium pressure in confined spaces, and could easily be used in a diverse range of industrial processes.

Applied in the places where pipework has been deemed to be permanent. In addition, they have also been designed in a manner that provides characteristics of good flow.

Used in conjunction with ASME pipe and for to change to different dimensions.

Socket weld pipe fittings like reducers, tees, elbows, etc can be used at pipelines for conveying expensive, flammable, or toxic materials where there would be no scope of leakage.

Manufactured under ASTM standards and also according to ASME B16.5 /16.11

Types of Socket weld pipe fittings

Like the butt weld fittings, based on material types, socket weld fittings also include a variety of materials as stainless steel pipe fittings, alloy steel flanges, and carbon steel flanges. Based on the applications, it includes flanges, couplings, reducers, reducing tee, socket weld inserts, and socket weld elbows, etc.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Socket Weld

Below are some advantages and disadvantages of the socket weld:

Advantages

The pipe often does not need to be end finished properly for the preparation of an insert weld.

Temporary tack welding usually doesn’t need alignment. It is because the principle in fitting would help to make sure that it has a proper alignment.

The socket weld insert will not be able to penetrate the bore of the pipe.

Costs of construction are sometimes lower than butt-welded joints. Due to the elimination of special machines, it lacks the exact fit-up bevel requirements.

Disadvantages

The welder must make sure that the expansion gap between the pipe and the shoulder of the socket must be of a certain distance, often approaching 1.6mm.

The expansion gap and internal crevices in the socket weld system may promote corrosion with certain media. It would be because of this reason that they have been deemed to be less suitable for corrosive or radioactive applications.

These types of fittings would also be unacceptable for Ultra High Hydrostatic Pressure in food industries. The reason could be the addition to not allow full penetration. It would also leave gaps and crevices that would then become difficult to clean.

Differences between butt weld and socket weld fittings

In the case of socket weld fittings, the referred standard is ASME B16.11. You can insert a pipe in a recessed area of the fitting. You can square cut both the pipe and fitting and do not require any beveled end or preparation other than cleaning the outside. It will ease out the welding processes and installation.

When we talk about butt weld fittings, as pet standard ASME B16.9, the ends being welded onto the pipe end, the thickness would be the same as those of pipes. In this case, the end of the fittings could be beveled to match the application.

Application and installation of socket weld fittings

The socket weld usually has less strength resistance in comparison to butt weld fittings. So, SW fittings are used mainly for the smaller pipeline with diameters NPS 3 or less when available.

In the case of SW fittings, you can find it quite easy to install. Since it often requires around 1/6 inch of the gap at the bottom of the gap to allow the socket access, it also allows thermal expansion. However, the gap could lead to the problems of overstressing that will crack the fillet weld of the fitting. In addition, socket weld has also been found to be problematic in corrosive fluid service as a result of crevice corrosion. The media of the application must be considered.

Conclusion

Socket weld or SW fittings could help you in many ways, and in this blog, we have tried to cover almost all aspects that could help you get a better basic understanding. If you have any inquiries regarding  socket weld fittings and socket weld flanges, contact us today!